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An proxy is also referred to as a proxy server. It is software that acts as an intermediary between client and server via the internet. If there was no proxy in place, the customer would be able to send a request to any resource directly to the server and servers would provide any requested resources directly to the client. Although this method is easy to grasp and use however the addition of proxy servers could provide advantages such as more speed, privacy and security, etc. As an additional layer of protection proxy servers function as a guardian for the internet between servers and clients.




There is a general consensus that the hardware for servers, paired with proxy software is commonly known as proxy servers. However, this article will concentrate on proxies traditionally defined as software, specifically in relation to web servers. This article will provide a brief overview of the two main kinds of proxy services which are forward proxy and a reverse proxy. Each type has a different usage, which can be confusing due to the identical namestamp.




This article will give you an idea of what proxies and their subtypes, and what they can do for the most common setups. By reading this article you'll understand the situations when you can benefit from a proxy and determine the best choice between reverse proxy and forward proxy depending on the situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



Forward proxy, also known as an open proxy is a proxy for users who wish to make a request over the internet to a source server. In this instance, any attempt to send requests made by the client will rather be handled by this forward proxy. A forward proxy that is in position of the customer will review the request. It will first determine whether the client is authorized to accept requests through this specific forward proxy. Then, it will either deny any request, or redirect it to the source server. The client is not allowed an internet connection directly; it will only be able to access the information that the forward proxy allows the access.




A very common reasons for forward proxy is increased privacy or security on the internet. A forward proxy accesses the internet in lieu of a specific client and could use an alternative IP address, in contrast to the original IP address of the user.




Depending on how it's configured, based on the way it is configured forward proxy can provide a range of features that allow you to:




Do not click on ads that track you.


Circumvent surveillance.


Establish restrictions based upon geolocation.




Forward proxies are also used in systems to offer central security and permit-based access, such as in a workplace. In the event that all internet traffic passes through an open forward proxy layer, an administrator is able to restrict access to only certain clients to the internet, which is blocked by a common firewall. Instead of keeping firewalls on the client layer which may include multiple machines with different configurations and users, a firewall could be placed an intermediary layer.




Keep in mind that forward proxy servers must be set up manually for use, while reverse proxy servers could be not recognized from the clients. Based on the kind of IP address the client's connection to the server that originated it via the forward proxy privacy and security can be made transparent.




There are a variety of options to take into consideration when deciding on forward proxy options:




Apache is an well-known open-source web server that offers forward proxy capabilities.


Nginx is another popular open-source webserver, which comes with forward proxy functionality.


Squid is an open source forward proxy that makes use of an HTTP protocol. This option doesn't include the whole web server. We recommend you read our article on the best method for installing Squid proxy to allow private connections on Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante is a forward proxy which uses the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP this makes it more suitable for scenarios like peer-to-peer traffic. You can also learn how to setup an Dante proxy to allow connection to private networks in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy is a web server, which handles requests from customers on its behalf. The server could function as a single server or a number of servers. It could also comprise an application server, such as Gunicorn. In all of these scenarios, a request would come through the internet at large. Most of the time the request is made directly to the web server, along with the resources the client in need of. Reverse proxy acts as an intermediary and separates your website server from communicating with the internet's users.




From a consumer's point of view from a client's perspective reverse proxy isn't different from connecting directly to an internet server. It's functionally the same but clients aren't aware of the difference. The client makes a request for the resource, and it receives it, with no additional configuration required from the client.




Reverse proxies offer options like:




A centralized layer of security that protects the server.


Directing incoming traffic using rules that you set up.


A new feature for caching has been added.




While central security is an advantage of both reverse and forward proxy solutions, reverse proxies provide this feature only to only the server layer and not the client layer. Instead of focusing on the maintenance of firewalls at the server level which might contain many servers and different configurations, the bulk of firewall security could be directed at the reverse proxy layer. In addition, eliminating the responsibility of dealing with firewalls and interacting with requests from clients not connected to web servers allows them to focus on only the requirements of their clients.




If there are multiple servers hosted by a reverse proxy it also manages the routing of requests towards which servers. There could be multiple web servers operating on the same server, serving different types of resources or a combination of both. They may utilize the HTTP protocol as a normal web server, but they may also include application server protocols such as FastCGI. You can create reverse proxy that routes clients to specific servers based on the requested source, and to observe certain guidelines for traffic load.




Reverse proxies also can benefit from their position before web servers, by providing caching capabilities. Large static assets can be managed by caching rules to avoid from reaching web servers with every time you request. There are options that provide the option of serving static content directly without having to communicate with a webserver. Additionally, reverse proxy can help compress these assets.




The well-known Nginx web server has become a very popular reverse proxy choice. It is true that it is true that the Apache web server is able to use the ability to reverse proxy as an additional feature that is available to Apache but Nginx was originally designed to focus on the reverse proxy feature.



Differentiating Forward Proxy and reverse Proxy Use Examples



Since "forward" and "reverse" are associated with a sense of directionality and false comparisons with "incoming" or "outgoing" traffic and can confuse because both types of proxy servers process requests and response. A better approach to differentiate between forward and reverse proxy servers would be to study the needs of the application you're creating.




Reverse proxy is a crucial element in the creation of a method to run web-based applications via the internet. They function as your servers during any interaction through the Internet.




Forward proxy can be helpful in displaying customer information to your personal use or in a work environment. They are a way to display the information of your client when you connect to the internet.




A distinction based on usage case rather than focusing only on similar naming conventions will make it easier to avoid confusion.



Conclusion



The article clarified definition of a proxy. There are two types of them being the reverse and forward proxy. Practical applications and an examination of the beneficial attributes were utilized to identify forward proxies and reverse proxy. If you're interested exploring the benefits of proxy servers, you can follow our tutorial on how to set up Nginx as an internet service and reverse proxy within Apache using an Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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